Could I realistically have him shot in the chest or abdomen to bleed out or suffocate, without the arrow being removed? Would a heart shot give him the necessary time before he loses consciousness?
I've googled various variations of "lethal arrow wound", "human shot with arrow", "shot in the lung / heart / abdomen" and so on, and come across extremely conflicting information. (I also didn't know there are so many deer hunters who hunt with a bow and arrow; however, even in the case of deer, there seems to be little consensus over how quickly various shots kill.)